Water damage refers to the harmful effects caused by excessive water on buildings, structures, or their contents. It can significantly impact property value, health, and safety. ### Causes of Water Damage * **Natural Disasters:** Floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes can cause extensive water damage. * **Plumbing Failures:** Leaking pipes, broken fixtures, and faulty appliances are common sources of water damage. * **Roofing Issues:** Damaged or missing shingles, clogged gutters, and faulty flashing can allow water to penetrate the roof. * **Basement Flooding:** Poor drainage, hydrostatic pressure, or foundation cracks can cause basements to flood. * **Frozen Pipes:** When temperatures drop below freezing, water in pipes can expand and burst, leading to leaks. ### Types of Water Damage * **Category 1:** Clean water from sources such as broken pipes or overflowing toilets that does not pose an immediate health risk. * **Category 2:** Gray water from sources such as dishwashers or washing machines that may contain bacteria and require professional disinfection. * **Category 3:** Black water from sources such as sewage backups or flooding that contains harmful microorganisms and sewage. * **Category 4:** This category includes extensive damage that affects structural components and may include contamination from chemicals or biological hazards. ### What is the Legal Definition of Water Damage? Legal definitions of water damage vary by jurisdiction. However, in general, it refers to: * Damage to property, structures, or contents caused by the infiltration of water from external sources or internal sources that escape containment. * Damage resulting from the failure of plumbing systems, roofing, or other building elements to prevent water intrusion. * Water damage does not include condensation that occurs within a property.